Greek Lexical Analysis and Word Studies

 

For careful lexical analysis of the semantic range of a Greek word consult the following:

 

Adrados, Francisco R., et al, eds.  Diccionario Griego-Español.  Madrid: CSIC, 1980-. [Six volumes so far covering a - evkpeleka,w.] [DGE]

Bauer, W. (with Arndt/Gingrich/Danker). A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd edition, revised and edited by Frederick William Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. [BDAG]

Liddell, H. G. and Scott, R. A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1925-40; repr. 1968.

Louw, J. P. and Nida, E. A. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, 2 vols. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

 

For more wide-ranging analysis of the semantic range, usages and referential meaning of Greek terms consult the following:

 

Balz, H. and Schneider, G., ed. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990-93.

Brown,, C., ed. The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975-1978.

Kittel, G. and Friedrich, G., ed. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, 10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964-76.

Kittel, G. and Friedrich, G., edited and abridged by G. Bromiley. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, 1 vol. edition. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1985.

Spicq, Ceslas.  Theological Lexicon of the New Testament.  Trans. James D. Ernest.  3 Vols.  Peabody, Mass.:  Hendrickson, 1995.

 

To find every occurrence of any particular Greek word in the New Testament consult one of the following:

 

BibleWorks 6.  Programmed by Michael S. Bushell and Michael D. Tan.  BibleWorks, 2003.

Accordance on CD-ROM. Gramcord Institute.

Computer Concordance to the Novum Testamentum Graece of Nestle-Aland, 26th ed. and to Greek New Testament, 3d ed. Berlin: de Gruyter, 19852.

Goodrick, E.W., and J.R. Kohlenberger, III. The NIV Exhaustive Concordance. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990.

 

To find occurrences of Greek words in other ancient Greek literature consult the following:

 

For most ancient Greek sources:

The University of California, Irvine. The Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: A Digital Library of Greek Literature (TLGTM), http://www.tlg.uci.edu/

 

For much ancient Greek Literature:

Crane, Gregory R. (ed.) The Perseus Project, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu

 

For the OT Apocrypha (one of the following):

BibleWorks 6.  Programmed by Michael S. Bushell and Michael D. Tan.  BibleWorks, 2003.

Accordance on CD-ROM. Gramcord Institute.

Hatch, E. and H. Redpath. A Concordance to the Septuagint and the other Greek Versions of the Old Testament (Including the Apocryphal Books). Oxford, 1897.

For the Greek text consult Rahlfs, Alfred. Septuaginta: id est, Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. Stuttgart : Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1935. [BS741.R3 1965] or the volumes of the following two multivolume sets:

Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum Graecum.  Edited by the Academiae Scientarum Gottingensis. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1974-. [BS741.A35]

The Old Testament in Greek, according to the text of Codex Vaticanus, supplemented from other uncial manuscripts, with a critical apparatus containing the variants of the chief ancient authorities for the text of the Septuagint.  3 vols.  Edited by Alan England Brooke and Norman McLean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1906-1940. [RBR Bible BS 741.B7 1906] Goddard

For English translation see The Apocrypha of the Old Testament: Revised Standard Version.  Edited by Bruce M. Metzger. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977. [BS1692 1977.R4]

 

For the OT Pseudepigrapha:

Denis, Albert-Marie; Janssens, Yvonne; and CETEDOC, Compilers.  Concordance grecque des Pseudepigraphes d’Ancien Testament.  Louvain-la-Neuve: U. catholique de Louvain, Institut orientaliste, 1987. [BS1700.D46 1987] Goddard

For English translation see Charlesworth, James H., ed.  The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha.  2 vols.  Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, 1983-1985. [BS1830.A3 1983], or

Charles, R.H., ed. The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English. London: Oxford University Press, 1963. [BS1692 1913]

 

For Philo of Alexandria:

Borgen, Peder, Kåre Fuglseth & Roald Skarsten, eds.  The Philo Index: A Complete Greek Work Index to the Writings of Philo of Alexandria.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.  

For English translation see Philo.  Edited and translated by  F. H. Colson and G. H. Whitaker. 10 vols (with two supplementary volumes).  Loeb Classical Library.  Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press and W. Heinemann, 1929-1962. [PA3612.P35 1929b]

 

For Flavius Josephus:

Rengstorf, K. Complete Concordance to Flavius Josephus. 4 vols.  Leiden: Brill, 1973. Then consult the Loeb Classical Library text and translation of Josephus’ works.

For English translation see Josephus, with an English Translation. 10 vols.  Vols. 1-4 translated by H. St. J. Thackeray; v. 5, by H. St. J. Thackeray and Ralph Marcus; v. 6-8 by Ralph Marcus (v. 8 completed and edited by Allen Wikgren); v. 9-10 by Louis H. Feldman. Loeb Classical Library.  Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press and Heinemann, 1976-1986. [PA3612.J6 1976]

 

For the Papyri:

Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/papyri.html

Moulton, James, and Milligan, G.  The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament.  Peabody, MA:  Hendrickson, 1997.

 

For the Church Fathers:

Kraft, Heinrich.  Clavis Patrum Apostolicorum.  München:  Koesel, 1963.

Lampe, G. W. H.  A Patristic Greek Lexicon.  Oxford: Clarendon, 1961.

For Greek text and English translation see The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations of their Writings.  J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, editors and translators; Michael W. Holmes, editor and reviser. 2nd ed.  Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.

 

 

 

Hebrew and Aramaic Lexical Analysis and Word Studies

 

For careful lexical analysis of the semantic range of a Hebrew or Aramaic word consult the following:

Brown, F., S.R. Driver, and C.A. Briggs. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1979.

Clines, David J. A. (ed.). The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. 8 vols. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993-.

Holladay, W.L. A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1971.

Koehler, L., and W. Baumgartner et al. (eds.). The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament: Study Edition. 2 vols. Translated by M. E. J. Richardson.  Leiden: Brill, 2002.

 

For more wide-ranging analysis of the semantic range, usages and referential meaning of Hebrew and Aramaic terms consult the following:

Botterweck, G. J., H. Ringgren, H.-J. Fabry (eds.). Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977-.

Harris, R.L., G.L. Archer, Jr., and B.K. Waltke (eds.). Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. 2 vols. Chicago: Moody, 1980.

Jenni, E. and C. Westermann (eds.). Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. 3 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997.

VanGemeren, Willem A. (ed.). New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997.

 

To find every occurrence of any particular Hebrew or Aramaic word in the Old Testament consult one of the following:

BibleWorks 6.  Programmed by Michael S. Bushell and Michael D. Tan.  BibleWorks, 2003.

Accordance on CD-ROM. Gramcord Institute.

Even-Shoshan, E. A New Concordance of the Old Testament Using the Hebrew and Aramaic Text. 2nd edition. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1989.

Goodrick, E.W., and J.R. Kohlenberger, III. The NIV Exhaustive Concordance. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990.

 

To find usages of Hebrew or Aramaic words in the non-biblical manuscripts of the Dead Sea Scrolls consult one of the following (preferably the former):

The Dead Sea Scrolls module of BibleWorks 6.  Programmed by Michael S. Bushell and Michael D. Tan.  BibleWorks, 2003.

Abegg, Martin G., Jr.; with James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, and in consultation with Emanuel Tov.  The Dead Sea Scrolls Concordance.  Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2003-.

Tov, Emanuel, and the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies.  Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference Library, 2.  CD-ROM.  Leiden, Brill, 1999.

Charlesworth, James H., ed.  Graphic Concordance to the Dead Sea Scrolls.  Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1991.

For Hebrew text with English translation see The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, 2 vols., edited by Florentino García Martínez & Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar. Leiden/Boston: Brill and Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000. [BM487.A3 2000]